The interaction between pollinators and their plant hosts is central to maintaining global biodiversity and ensure the safety of our food. In this special issue, we compile the reviews that summarize the existing knowledge and point out areas outstanding research key to understanding and pollinator protection, the interaction of the host plant and pollinator-pollination ecosystem services they provide.
The great diversity of pollinator-plant interactions that exist on this planet is still poorly explored, with many creatures associations involving specialist pollinators partners, although most of the historical focus has been given to generalist pollinators, such as bees.
The two areas highlighted here is the ecology and evolution of bee species oligolectic, and the group often overlooked pollinator forage exclusively at night. Advances in technology could offer the automatic detection of potential solutions and complements the current deficiencies in knowledge of the interaction between plant-pollinator association is less well documented, with the increasing variety of data collection and capacity rate of visits during space and time. pollinator plant-host interactions can be influenced by external biotic factors, by herbivores and pathogens play a very important role. This interaction can be disrupted by modifying the plant volatile and chemical reward, with possible effects on the attractiveness of pollinators and pollination success.
The mechanism that supports interaction between plants and their pollinators are also facing a lot of anthropogenic disturbance. Reviews in this issue discuss the threat of parasites and climate change for the population of pollinators and pollinator plant tissues, and suggest new ways to reduce this threat. While the protection of pollinator plants existing network will be an important goal for conservation biology, more research is needed to understand how the interaction is lost in degraded habitats can be restored with mutual benefit to plants and pollinators.
New directions in pollinator research: diversity, conflict and response to global change
Seasonal Variation between species and frequency Wingbeat between Migratory Lepidoptera in North China
Many species of lepidopteran count on active flying to migrate long distances, so that the pursuit of transitory source, colonize new habitats, or escape from adverse meteorological conditions. Although the biology and ecology of their often well researched, there is little information about their frequency wingbeat (WBF), the main determinant of aerodynamics of insect flight.
In this study, we assessed the interspecific and seasonal variability in the WBF for 85 different species of Lepidoptera migration (11 families) under laboratory conditions of 25 ± 1 ° C and 75 ± 5% RH. WBF individual migrants ranged between 6.7 and 84.5 Hz and recorded substantial interspecies differences, the members showed a mean WBFs Bombycidae highest (ie, 55.1 ± 1.0 Hz) and the lowest Saturniidae (8.5 ± 0, 2 Hz).
Description: This monoclonal antibody is recommended for neutralization of human IL-23 bioactivity. The antibody is specific for the p19 subunit of IL-23.
Description: This monoclonal antibody enables sensitive and specific detection of human IL-23 in immunoassays such as ELISA and ELISpot. The antibody is specific for the p19 subunit of IL-23.
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human p19 at AA rangle: 70-150
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of p19 from Human. This p19 antibody is for IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human p19 at AA rangle: 70-150
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human p19 at AA rangle: 70-150
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of p19 from Human. This p19 antibody is for IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human p19 at AA rangle: 70-150
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human p19 at AA rangle: 70-150
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of p19 from Human. This p19 antibody is for IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human p19 at AA rangle: 70-150
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Skp1 p19 at AA range: 10-90
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Skp1 p19 from Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey. This Skp1 p19 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Skp1 p19 at AA range: 10-90
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Skp1 p19 at AA range: 10-90
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Skp1 p19 from Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey. This Skp1 p19 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Skp1 p19 at AA range: 10-90
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Skp1 p19 at AA range: 10-90
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Skp1 p19 from Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey. This Skp1 p19 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Skp1 p19 at AA range: 10-90
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Skp1 p19 from Human/Mouse/Rat/Monkey. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Skp1 p19 from Human/Mouse/Rat/Monkey. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA
Rabbit Anti Interleukin-23A P19 Subunit Polyclonal Antibody
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human IL23A / IL-23 p19 (N-Terminus). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human IL23A / IL-23 p19 (C-Terminus). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: IL-23 (alpha subunit p19) is an important part of the inflammatory response against infection. It promotes upregulation of the matrix metalloprotease MMP9, increases angiogenesis and reduces CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Bovine IL-23 (p19) Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-23 (alpha subunit p19) produced in yeast.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Interleukin 23 p19 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human IL23A / IL-23 p19 (clone HLT2736). The antibodies are raised in Mouse and are from clone HLT2736. This antibody is applicable in WB and IHC-P
Description: This assay is a sandwich Enzyme Linked-Immuno-Sorbent Assay(ELISA).It is developed for quantitative measurement of Mouse Il23a in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Human Interleukin 23, Alpha Subunit p19, IL23A ELISA Kit
Description: This assay is a sandwich Enzyme Linked-Immuno-Sorbent Assay(ELISA). It is developed for quantitative measurement of Human IL-23A(P19)in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: This gene is a member of the septin family of GTPases. Members of this family are required for cytokinesis. One version of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia is the result of a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 11 and X, with the breakpoint associated with the genes encoding the mixed-lineage leukemia and septin 2 proteins. This gene encodes four transcript variants encoding three distinct isoforms. An additional transcript variant has been identified, but its biological validity has not been determined.
Description: This gene is a member of the septin family involved in cytokinesis and cell cycle control. This gene is a candidate for the ovarian tumor suppressor gene. Mutations in this gene cause hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy, also known as neuritis with brachial predilection. A chromosomal translocation involving this gene on chromosome 17 and the MLL gene on chromosome 11 results in acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.
Description: This gene is a member of the septin family of nucleotide binding proteins, originally described in yeast as cell division cycle regulatory proteins. Septins are highly conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse, and appear to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Disruption of septin function disturbs cytokinesis and results in large multinucleate or polyploid cells. This gene is highly expressed in brain and heart. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. One of the isoforms (known as ARTS) is distinct; it is localized to the mitochondria, and has a role in apoptosis and cancer.
Description: This gene is a member of the septin gene family of nucleotide binding proteins, originally described in yeast as cell division cycle regulatory proteins. Septins are highly conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse and appear to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Disruption of septin function disturbs cytokinesis and results in large multinucleate or polyploid cells. This gene is mapped to 22q11, the region frequently deleted in DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndromes. A translocation involving the MLL gene and this gene has also been reported in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The presence of a non-consensus polyA signal (AACAAT) in this gene also results in read-through transcription into the downstream neighboring gene (GP1BB; platelet glycoprotein Ib), whereby larger, non-coding transcripts are produced.
Description: This gene is a member of the septin family of nucleotide binding proteins, originally described in yeast as cell division cycle regulatory proteins. Septins are highly conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse, and appear to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Disruption of septin function disturbs cytokinesis and results in large multinucleate or polyploid cells. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: This gene encodes a protein that is highly similar to the CDC10 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein also shares similarity with Diff 6 of Drosophila and with H5 of mouse. Each of these similar proteins, including the yeast CDC10, contains a GTP-binding motif. The yeast CDC10 protein is a structural component of the 10 nm filament which lies inside the cytoplasmic membrane and is essential for cytokinesis. This human protein functions in gliomagenesis and in the suppression of glioma cell growth, and it is required for the association of centromere-associated protein E with the kinetochore. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Several related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14, 17 and 19.
Description: This gene is a member of the septin gene family of nucleotide binding proteins, originally described in yeast as cell division cycle regulatory proteins. Septins are highly conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse and appear to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Disruption of septin function disturbs cytokinesis and results in large multinucleate or polyploid cells. This gene is mapped to 22q11, the region frequently deleted in DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndromes. A translocation involving the MLL gene and this gene has also been reported in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The presence of a non-consensus polyA signal (AACAAT) in this gene also results in read-through transcription into the downstream neighboring gene (GP1BB; platelet glycoprotein Ib), whereby larger, non-coding transcripts are produced.
Description: This gene encodes a protein that is highly similar to the CDC10 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein also shares similarity with Diff 6 of Drosophila and with H5 of mouse. Each of these similar proteins, including the yeast CDC10, contains a GTP-binding motif. The yeast CDC10 protein is a structural component of the 10 nm filament which lies inside the cytoplasmic membrane and is essential for cytokinesis. This human protein functions in gliomagenesis and in the suppression of glioma cell growth, and it is required for the association of centromere-associated protein E with the kinetochore. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Several related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14, 17 and 19.
Description: This gene is a member of the septin family of nucleotide binding proteins, originally described in yeast as cell division cycle regulatory proteins. Septins are highly conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse, and appear to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Disruption of septin function disturbs cytokinesis and results in large multinucleate or polyploid cells. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: This gene encodes a guanine-nucleotide binding protein and member of the septin family of cytoskeletal GTPases. Septins play important roles in cytokinesis, exocytosis, embryonic development, and membrane dynamics. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: This gene is a member of the septin family of GTPases. Members of this family are required for cytokinesis and the maintenance of cellular morphology. This gene encodes a protein that can form homo- and heterooligomeric filaments, and may contribute to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antibody Detection.detection of Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) ELISA Kit
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antibody Detection.detection of Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) ELISA Kit
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antibody Detection.detection of Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) ELISA Kit
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antibody Detection.detection of Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) ELISA Kit
Known also as Anti-Sperm Antibody elisa. Alternative names of the recognized antigen: Anti-Spermatozoa Antibodies
Sperm Antibodies
Antisperm Antibodies
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Competitive Inhibition method for detection of Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) in samples from serum, plasma and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
ELISA kit for Human Anti-AsAb (Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody)
The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antigen. Standards or samples are then added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells with a Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody. After TMB substrate soluti
Description: A competitive Inhibition ELISA kit for detection of Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
Description: Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for CD316 Antibody (IGSF8) detection. Tested with WB in Human, Mouse.
At the species level, seasonal variation was observed in the WBF for Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Scotogramma trifolii Rottemberg (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Our findings add to the scientific knowledge of the biology of insects flying migration, facilitate (automatic) population monitoring and forecasting, and may have broader implications for insect pest management or biodiversity conservation.
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